Коэффициент избытка воздуха: КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ИЗБЫТКА ВОЗДУХА — это… Что такое КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ИЗБЫТКА ВОЗДУХА?

Коэффициент избытка воздуха — это… Что такое Коэффициент избытка воздуха? 

Коэффициент избытка воздуха

Коэффициент избытка воздуха (альфа) — отношение массы воздуха, приходящейся на 1 кг топлива в данной смеси, к массе воздуха в нормальной горючей смеси.

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• Коэффициент аэродинамического сопротивления автомобиля
• Коэффициент оборота активов

Смотреть что такое «Коэффициент избытка воздуха» в других словарях:

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — коэффициент избытка воздуха, λ Безразмерная величина, представляющая собой отношение массы воздуха, поступившей в цилиндр двигателя, к массе воздуха, теоретически необходимой для полного сгорания поданного в цилиндр топлива, рассчитываемая …   Справочник технического переводчика

• Коэффициент избытка воздуха — отношение действительного количества воздуха в горючей смеси к теоретически необходимому для ее полного сгорания (см. Стехиометрический состав горючей смеси). В зависимости от типа двигателя и режима его работы К. и. в. в камере сгорания может… …   Энциклопедия техники

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — 3.43 коэффициент избытка воздуха: Отношение фактического объема воздуха для горения к стехиометрическому. Источник: ГОСТ Р 51847 2001: Аппараты водонагревательные проточные газовые бытовые типа А и С. Общие технические условия …   Словарь-справочник терминов нормативно-технической документации

• Коэффициент избытка воздуха — отношение фактически затраченного на сжигание топлива воздуха к теоретически необходимому. Коэффициент избытка воздуха при сжигании жидкого и газообразного топлива 1,02 1,15, угольной пыли до 1,25, твёрдого топлива в слое 1,3 1,6. Недостаток… …   Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии

• КОЭФФИЦИЕНТ ИЗБЫТКА ВОЗДУХА — отношение фактически затраченное на сжигание топлива воздуха к теоретически необходимому. Коэффициент избытка воздуха при сжигании жидкого и газообразного топлива 1,02 1,15, угольной пыли до 1,25, твердого топлива в слое 1,3 1,6. Недостаток… …   Металлургический словарь

• коэффициент избытка воздуха, — 3.3 коэффициент избытка воздуха, l: Безразмерная величина, представляющая собой отношение массы воздуха, поступившей в цилиндр двигателя, к массе воздуха, теоретически необходимой для полного сгорания поданного в цилиндр топлива, рассчитываемая… …   Словарь-справочник терминов нормативно-технической документации

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — oro pertekliaus koeficientas statusas T sritis Energetika apibrėžtis Tikrojo degimui tiekiamo oro ir teoriškai degimui reikalingo oro tūrių santykis. Erdvinėse kūryklose deginant skystąjį ar dujinį kurą, oro pertekliaus koeficientas 1,02–1,1,… …   Aiškinamasis šiluminės ir branduolinės technikos terminų žodynas

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — [excess ratio] расход воздуха при полном сжигании топлива, отнесенный к теоретически необходимому; Смотри также: Коэффициент фабрикационный коэффициент температурный …   Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — коэффициент избытка воздуха — отношение действительного количества воздуха в горючей смеси к теоретически необходимому для ее полного сгорания (см. Стехиометрический состав горючей смеси). В зависимости от типа двигателя и режима его работы… …   Энциклопедия «Авиация»

• коэффициент избытка воздуха — коэффициент избытка воздуха — отношение действительного количества воздуха в горючей смеси к теоретически необходимому для ее полного сгорания (см. Стехиометрический состав горючей смеси). В зависимости от типа двигателя и режима его работы… …   Энциклопедия «Авиация»

90000 Air Fuel Ratio Effect on Combustion Efficiency 90001 90002 In part two of this series on combustion control of industrial heat sources, we consider the air fuel ratio and the balance of using excess air to consume combustibles while minimizing energy from going up the stack in industrial heating sources. In Part I, Stoichiometric Combustion and its Impact on Boiler Efficiency, we discussed stoichiometric combustion, that theoretical position in which the optimal amount of oxygen and fuel mixture, to produce the most heat possible while achieving maximum combustion efficiency.90003 90002 Ask how our flow meter can improve your energy management. 90003 90006 Air Fuel Ratio and Excess Air 90007 90008 90008 Combustion efficiency is dependent upon using the right amount of air to consume the fuel. 90002 In fuel-fired process heating, the largest source of energy loss is through the exhaust stack, which is why managing air flow is essential to combustion efficiency. When fuel burns in the presence of oxygen it is converted to carbon dioxide, water and heat. Consider the combustion of methane (CH 90011 4 90012).90003 90014 CH 90011 4 90012 + 2O 90011 2 90012 → CO 90011 2 90012 + 2H 90011 2 90012 O + Heat (1,013 Btu / ft. 90023 3 90024) 90003 90002 Air contains approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen. In this case the reaction for complete combustion becomes: 90003 90014 CH 90011 4 90012 + 2O 90011 2 90012 + 7.53N 90011 2 90012 → CO 90011 2 90012 + 2H 90011 2 90012 O + 7.53 N 90011 2 90012 + Heat (1,013 Btu / ft. 90023 3 90024) 90003 90002 The amount of air required will vary depending on the type of fuel.Ideally you would like to add enough oxygen to consume all the fuel so that little or no combustibles are exhausted while minimizing the excess air to prevent energy loss out of the stack. 90003 90046 90046 Air-to-fuel ratio defines the amount of air needed to burn a specific fuel. 90002 90049 Air-to-fuel ratio 90050 defines the amount of air needed to burn a specific fuel. The conventional fuels used in a combustion process are: oil (# 2, 4 and 6), diesel oil, gasoline, natural gas, propane, and wood.Ratios for common gases, liquid and solid fuels are noted on Table 1.1 and 1.2. 90003 90006 Optimizing Air-to-Fuel Ratio 90007 90002 For any combustion process there is a balance sought between losing energy from using too much air, and wasting energy from running too richly. The best combustion efficiency occurs at the optimum air-to-fuel ratio and controlling this provides the highest efficiency. In most scenarios, a liquid and gas fuel burner achieves this desired balance by operating at 105% to 120% of the optimal theoretical air.For natural gas fired burners, the stoichiometric air required is 9.4-11 ft. 90023 3 90024 / 1.0 ft. 90023 3 90024 of natural gas, or approximately an air-to-gas ratio of approximately 10: 1. This results in an excess oxygen level of 2%. 90003 90002 In the combustion zone, it is difficult to measure excess air. In the stack, however, it can be easily measured using Oxygen analyzers. When operating with 5% -20% excess air, it would correspond to a 1% to 3% oxygen measurement in the stack. 90003 90002 The ideal air-to-fuel relationship will vary at different operating loads.90063 Tuning 90064 is the act of establishing the desired air-to-fuel relationship under different operating conditions. This can be accomplished when evaluating specifics in the stack: temperature, oxygen concentration, as well as carbon monoxide and NO 90011 x 90012 emissions. 90003 90002 In part three of this five-part series on combustion control, we consider analyzing flue gas oxygen and combustibles, along with varying air, and fuel pre-combustion flows to improve combustion efficiency of industrial boilers, steam generators, furnaces, ovens, smelters and process heaters.90003 90002 If you are interested in reading the Sage Metering white paper on this topic in its entirety see Combustion Efficiency and Thermal Mass Flow Meters. 90003 90002 Perhaps this video may be of interest: 90073 90074 90075 90003 90002 Related newsworthy topics: 90003 90079 Forced Induction — Displacement Replacement 90080 90002 Super Street Magazine-Oct 19, 2013 90003 90002 In terms of 90084 efficiency 90085, no other form of forced induction compares to the 90084 … 90085 More 90084 air 90085 means more 90084 fuel 90085 can be burnt, and burnt 90084 fuel 90085 is what makes horsepower.90084 … 90085 You’ve also got to look at fancy terms like pressure 90084 ratios 90085, compressor surge, trims, 90084 … 90085 No matter the type, an exhaust manifold’s design directly 90084 affects 90085 performance. 90003 90079 Heating, 90084 Boiler 90085, 90084 Furnace 90085 Repairs & Service Tips for the Winter 90084 … 90085 90080 90002 EIN News (press release) -Oct 18, 2013 90003 90002 As the days get colder, your 90084 furnace 90085 or 90084 boiler 90085 starts running.90084 … 90085 repairs, reduce 90084 efficiency 90085 and insufficient 90084 combustion 90085 air in the room can cause 90084 … 90085 detail and top notch customer service has made them well known in the 90084 industry 90085. 90003 90079 90049 Practical Considerations for Converting Boilers to Burn Gas 90050 90080 90002 POWER magazine-Sep 26, 2013 90003 90002 90063 Combustion 90064 turbines and heat recovery steam generators provide the 90063 … 90064 fans to 90063 combustion stoichiometry 90064 and 90063 combustion 90064 air requirements.90003 90002 Natural Gas Flow Meter by Sage Metering for Energy Conservation, https://sagemetering.com/applications/energy/natural-gas-flow-meter-for-conservat (accessed October 14, 2013). 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003.90000 Excess air ratio — Big Chemical Encyclopedia 90001 Corrosion of metals by fuel ashes only occurs where the fuel ash contains a liquid phase. Temperatures at which the first liquid will form are inversely proportional to the oxygen partial pressure. Thus, when firing fuels at high excess air ratios, fuel ash corrosion occurs at lower temperatures than when firing fuels with low excess air ratios. [Pg.266] 90002 Apart from the operational problems associated with closely matching the fuel and excess air ratio requirements and the ignition and combustion temperatures for any given steam demand and local atmospheric condition, the composition of the fuel, with all its variables, adds considerably to the puzzle of providing continuously nearperfect combustion.[Pg.673] 90003 90002 At present, the volume fraction of 02 in the flue gas is already being used in some cases in the field as a value for adjusting the excess air ratio in combustion processes. A control system based on monitoring the 02 fraction in the flue gas can help control compliance with a desired value. [Pg.39] 90003 90002 Several methods have been investigated to find correlations between physical properties of fuel gas mixtures and the excess air ratio to optimize the combustion procedure.In spite of the varying composition of natural gas it is said to be possible to control a heater system by measurements of the dynamic viscosity of the gas [7]. One explanation could be the correlation between Wobbe number and viscosity With increasing Wobbe numbers the viscosity decreases, and if the Wobbe number of a gas is known, the excess air ratio can be adjusted, resulting in an open loop control. [Pg.46] 90003 90002 The sensor needs an ambient temperature of 700 to 900 ° C over a longer period of time to provide stable and reliable signals (see Fig.3.25). Therefore, it is necessary to find a position in the combustion chamber, the temperature range can be maintained at all times (i.e. with variations in burner loads and excess air ratios). [Pg.48] 90003 90002 Where p is the excess air ratio used for the combustion. For gasoline and diesel engines, p> 1. [Pg.241] 90003 90012 90013 90014 Fig. 14.4 Comparison between experimented data (points) and modeling predictions (curves) for methane (Ch5), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2h5), and acetylene (C2h3) oxidation in a flow reactor under very dilute, slightly fuel-rich conditions [ 148].The excess air ratio X is about 0.9, and the residence time is of the order of 100 ms. 90015 90014 90017 90015 90019 90020 The SO3 / SO2 ratio is important for the corrosive potential of a flue gas. Find, using appropriate software, the equilibrium composition of a flue gas at 1 300 K, assuming the fuel consisting of 99% Ch5 and 1% h3S is combusted with an excess air ratio of 120%. [Pg.616] 90002 Assume that the combustion process occurs under well-mixed conditions.Use perfectly stirred reactor software together with the GRI-Mech mechanism (GRIM30. Mec) to estimate the formation of NO in adiabatic combustion of Ch5 with an excess-air ratio of 1.1 … [Pg.686] 90003 90002 Use GRI-Mech (GRIM30. mec) and a laminar premixed flame code to calculate the flame speed and the flame temperature of a methane-air mixture at 1.0 atm, varying the excess air ratio (the air / fuel ratio normalized by the air / fuel ratio at stoichiometric conditions) from 0.7 to 1.4. [Pg.687] 90003 90002 Because a complete conversion of the fuel can not be achieved in practice within the fuel cell, the SOFC stack can be treated like a power generating burner so as to integrate it easily into a system model.The cooling of the stack depends on the excess air ratio. [Pg.48] 90003 90002 The residual carbon contents at different axial locations of the combustor were measured in the pilot plant tests (Li et al., 1991), as shown in Fig. 18. These data show that axial variations in carbon content with temperature (from 810 ° C-923 ° C) are as a whole rather slight, but mean carbon content increases with decreasing excess air ratio. Besides, for excess air ratios greater than 1.2, the carbon content at the top of the combustor is somewhat less than that at the bottom, while for excess air ratio less than 1.2, the opposite tendency is evident. In conclusion, for this improved combustor, an excess air ratio of 1.2 is considered enough for carbon burn-out, leading to reduced flue gas and increased heat efficiency as compared to bubbling fluidized bed combustion. That is probably attributable to bubbleless gas-solid contacting for increased mass transfer between gas and solids in the fast fluidized bed, as explained by combustion kinetics. [Pg.354] 90003 90002 High excess air ratio will result in increasing sensible heat loss in the flue gas, while insufficient air supply means low combustion efficiency.To gain high heat efficiency, a rational excess air ratio needs to be specified. Figure … [Pg.368] 90003 90012 90013 90014 Fig. 32. Relation of combustion efficiency to excess air ratio (after Lin, 1991). 90015 90014 90036 90015 90019 90020 C) at a low excess air ratio Extrusion at 300 ° C mixing with liquid product recycled from the pyrolysis reactor thermal decomposition in the reactor catalytic cracking in a fixed bed reactor using a zeolite-based ZSM-5 catalyst at 400 ° C… [Pg.440] 90002 The diesel engine is more attractive for conversion to producer gas as the reduction in power and efficiency is less compared to an Otto engine. This is due to the higher compression ratio of the diesel cycle and also the operation conditions with high excess air ratios which reduce the difference in the volumetric energy content of diesel / air mixtures and producer gas / air mixtures. [Pg.433] 90003 90002 To investigate flow conditions in the furnace chamber of wood him aces CFD codes have been applied in the past [1,2].It could be shown, that mixing conditions between raw gas and secondary air still need to be improved to reduce the excess air ratio during the combustion of wood. [Pg.586] 90003 90002 It should be noted that the combustion tests were conducted with only primary air supply. Attempts were made to keep the feed rate and excess air as similar as possible between trial burns, however, the operation conditions were very hard to keep fixed, as the excess air was controlled manually and these biomass fuels do not have good flow characteristics due to their inconstant particle shape, uneven particle size distribution and high moisture content.Many studies related to incomplete combustion have focused on processes with two-stage air supply and have identified that excess air is a key factor influencing the formation of CO and CH (2, 4, 5. 13). It has also been shown that each wood furnace has a typical correlation between the CO-emissions and the excess air ratio regardless of fuel type (13). [Pg.633] 90003 90002 Based on a similar approach, a statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether correlations of CO and Ch5 emissions could be established with a number of variables including fuel moisture content, fuel particle size distribution, fuel feed rate and excess air ratio.With the limited number of observations, the best model for CO was derived as a function of fuel moisture content (Fig, 1) for the combustor used for these studies. There was no evidence for correlation of the other variables. The measured Ch5 contents also had an increasing trend with higher moisture contents of the fuels, but could not to be fitted in any correlation equation. [Pg.633] 90003 90012 90013 90014 Fig. 3 The efficiency decreases, when the combustion air ratio or the moisture content of the fuel increases.However, if the outlet temperature of the combustion gases is below the dew point of the water vapour, the efficiency calculated according to LHV lower heating value) begins to increase, when the moisture content of the fuel increases. Temperature of combustion air is 0 C, RH 60%, excess air ratio 1.4 and composition of dry fuel is CH i owOo.m). 90015 90014 90053 90015 90019 90020 Excess air ratio was measured by the oxygen content of the flue gas.The excess portion of dry air volume is derived from the oxygen content of the flue gas and the stoichiometric oxygen demand. [Pg.762] 90002 As far as the multi-fuel burner in the second conpartment is concerned, measurements were obtained when firing only sawdust and without any fuel supply on the grate. The purpose of this test was to estimate the burner s influence on the experimental results. The emissions recorded are given in Table 6 and with reference the results of the co-combustion tests (see Fig.2), NO emission is increased, because of the significantly higher excess air ratio. [Pg.795] 90003 90002 The evaluation of the co-combustion behaviour was based on the emissions of CO, NO and SO, and the unbumt fuel content of the ash samples. The emissions of CO, NO and SO, measured at the stack, were converted at [mg / Nm, dry, 6% O,], and are shown in Figure 2, as a function of the excess air ratio. The corresponding results for the unbumt fuel content of the ash samples collected from the first conpartment of the combustion chamber and the cyclone are shown in Figure 3.[Pg.795] 90003 90012 90013 90014 Fig. 2 CO, SO2 and NO emissions measured during the co-combustion tests at the chimney, as a fiinction of the excess air ratio. 90015 90014 90066 90015 90019 90020 With higher excess air ratios there is a slight decrease in size but an increasing total number concentration. The increase of particle concentration was more distinct towards enhanced surplus air.[Pg.899] 90002 The equipment for measuring and analysing emissions is shown in Fig. 1 and 2. The oxygen content «as measured» is 17.5%, The excess air ratio is in the diesel fuel operation 3.3 and in the dual fuel operation about 6. [Pg.1457] 90003 90072 .90000 Proper Air-Fuel Ratio Under 6 Various Conditions (w / Example Ratios) 90001 90002 Updated 90003 January 10, 2020 90004 90005 90006 What is an Air-Fuel Ratio? 90007 90002 The air-fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio between the amount of air and fuel that are mixed together in the combustion chamber of a vehicle. This ratio needs to correct for the fuel to burn correctly and efficiently. 90005 90002 90011 Looking for a good online repair manual? 90012 Click Here for 5 of the most popular options.90005 90002 If the ratio is too rich or too lean, the engine will not burn optimally burn the air-fuel mixture which can cause performance issues or use up too much fuel. The ideal air-fuel ratio that burns all fuel without excess air is 14.7: 1. This is referred to as the «stoichiometric» mixture. In this case you have 14.7 parts of air for every 1 part of fuel. 90005 90002 But at some conditions, not all fuel can be mixed and vaporized with air. Some of the various condition will explain on article below.90005 90002 Before we discuss the air-fuel ratio on various condition, let me first explain about the different types of air fuel ratio on the vehicle. 90005 90020 90021 90011 Rich air-fuel ratio 90012: There is less air than the ideal AFR. This can be good for power but bad for fuel economy and emissions. (Example: 13: 1) 90024 90021 90011 Lean air-fuel ratio 90012: There is more air than the ideal AFR. This can be good for fuel economy and emissions but bad for power. (Example: 16: 1) 90024 90021 90011 Ideal air-fuel ratio 90012: There is the correct mixture of air to fuel for proper combustion.(Example: 14.7: 1) 90024 90033 90006 Proper Air-Fuel Ratio Under Various Conditions 90007 90002 Now that you understand what an air-fuel ratio is and how it can affect the internal combustion process, here we go over what the best air- fuel ratios are for various conditions. 90005 90038 Starting 90039 90002 When starting your car, all engine components such as the cylinder head, cylinder block, and intake manifold, are cold. Some extra fuel is needed to start the engine in this case so a rich fuel mixture is temporarily needed.90005 90002 An easier way of describing this is that on older cars with carburetors, the choke was used to block off air so more fuel would be pulled into the engine to start the car. 90005 90002 When starting your engine, the air-fuel ratio can be as low as 9: 1, making it very rich. 90005 90038 Warming Up (Idling) 90039 90002 After startup and while your engine is still idling, the coolant temperature is still low and more fuel than normal is still needed until the vehicle warms up to operating temperatures.So in this case, a rich AFR of about 12: 1 is necessary. 90005 90038 Accelerating 90039 90002 When the accelerator pedal is being depressed to gain speed, more air comes into cylinder to meet the extra power requirement so naturally more fuel is needed. At full throttle, the air / fuel ratio can be around 11: 1 (very rich) while moderate acceleration can mean about a 13: 1 (rich) air / fuel ratio. 90005 90038 Cruising (Constant Speed) 90039 90002 In this condition, the engine is already warmed up, and the air-fuel mixture is near the stoichiometric ratio which is about 14.7: 1. This allows for the best combination of fuel economy, emissions, and power. 90005 90038 Heavy Loads 90039 90002 Under heavy loads such as going uphill or if you are towing a trailer, the vehicle requires the engine to produce more power. This means a rich air / fuel ratio similar to accelerating is needed for the excess demands when under heavy loads. The AFR will be somewhere around 12: 1. 90005 90038 Decelerating 90039 90002 Under this condition, the accelerator pedal is released, which means no power output is needed from the engine other than to keep it running.An air-fuel ratio of about 17: 1 (lean) will exist at this point as the fuel demands are very low at this point. At this stage, the exhaust gases are cleared out as well. 90005 90006 Symptoms of Improper Air / Fuel Ratio 90007 90002 Here are some common signs your air / fuel ratio is either too rich or too lean: 90005 90038 Air / Fuel Ratio is Too Rich 90039 90020 90021 Your engine can produce black smoke blowing out of your exhaust 90024 90021 High fuel consumption 90024 90021 Strong smell of unburned fuel 90024 90033 90038 Air / Fuel Ratio is Too Lean 90039 90020 90021 Engine will be stuttering or jerking 90024 90021 Poor acceleration 90024 90021 Rough idling; the car will vibrate 90024 90033 90006 Causes of Incorrect Air / Fuel Ratio 90007.90000 excess air ratio — це … Що таке excess air ratio? 90001 90002 90003 90004 Air-fuel ratio 90005 — (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to fuel present during combustion. When all the fuel is combined with all the free oxygen, typically within a vehicle s combustion chamber, the mixture is chemically balanced and this AFR is called the stoichiometric … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Air entrainment 90005 — is the intentional creation of tiny air bubbles in concrete. The bubbles are introduced into the concrete by the addition to the mix of an air entraining agent, a surfactant (surface active substance, a type of chemical that includes detergents) … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Air cycle machine 90005 — An air cycle machine (ACM) is the refrigeration unit of the environmental control system used in pressurized turbine powered aircraft.Normally an aircraft has two to three of these machines arranged in a system called a pack. The cooling … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Liquid-to-gas ratio 90005 — An important parameter in wet scrubbing systems is the rate of liquid flow. It is common in wet scrubber terminology to express the liquid flow as a function of the gas flow rate that is being treated. This is commonly called the liquid to gas … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Zinc-air battery 90005 — specific energy 470 (practical), 1370 (theoretical) Wh / kg [1] [2] (1.692, 4.932 MJ / kg) energy density 1480 9780 Wh / L [c … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Water-cement ratio 90005 — is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. It has an important influence on the quality of concrete produced. A lower water cement ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix more … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Compressed-air energy storage 90005 — (CAES) refers to the compression of airto be used later as energy source.At utility scale, it can be stored during periods of low energy demand (off peak), for use in meeting periods of higher demand (peak load). Alternatively it can be used to … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Compressed air energy storage 90005 — Conceptual representation of the compressed air energy storage concept. Off peak (low cost) electrical power compresses air into an underground air storage «vessel» (the Norton mine), and later the air feeds a gas fired turbine generator complex … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Solar air conditioning 90005 — refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power.This can be done through passive solar, photovoltaic conversion (sun to electricity), or solar thermal energy conversion. The U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 Bitburg Air Base 90005 — Infobox Military Structure name = Bitburg Air Base partof = location = Located near Bitburg, Germany coordinates = coord | 49 | 56 | 43 | N | 006 | 33 | 54 | E | type: airport region: DE | display = inline Location in Germany caption = type = Air Force Base code = built = тисяча дев’ятсот п’ятьдесят дві … … Wikipedia 90006 90007 90002 90003 90004 airplane 90005 — / air playn /, n.1. a heavier than air aircraft kept aloft by the upward thrust exerted by the passing air on its fixed wings and driven by propellers, jet propulsion, etc. 2. any similar heavier than air aircraft, as a glider or helicopter. Also … Universalium 90006 90007 .